The Republic of South Sudan, commonly known as South Sudan, is a landlocked country in northeastern Africa. It started from Sudan in 2011 Independence. Ethiopia is to the east, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Uganda to the south, the Central African Republic to the west, and Sudan to the north. It contains the vast Sude swamp formed by the White Nile River. The current capital is the largest city in Juba. The future plan is to move the capital to Ramsar, which is relatively central. The territory of modern South Sudan and the Republic of Sudan was originally occupied by the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt, and later became the British-Egyptian condominium of Sudan. After the independence of the Republic of Sudan in 1956, it became a part of it. It is divided into 10 southern provinces. After the first Sudanese civil war, Southern Sudan gained autonomy from 1972 to 1983. The second Sudanese civil war broke out in 1983 and signed the Comprehensive Peace Treaty in 2005 and established the Southern Sudan Autonomous Government. In 2011, the South Sudan independence referendum was passed with 98.83%. The Republic of South Sudan declared its independence at 0:00 on July 9, 2011. The heads of state or government representatives of 30 countries participated in the independence celebration ceremony of the Republic of South Sudan. UN Secretary-General Pan Ki Moon also participated in the inauguration ceremony. On July 14, 2011, the Republic of South Sudan formally joined the United Nations and became a member of the United Nations. Currently, it is also a member of the African Union and the East African Community. In July 2012, the Geneva Convention was signed. South Sudan became independent. After that, there were still fierce internal conflicts. After 2014, the score of the Fragile States Index (formerly the Failed Countries Index) has been the highest in the world.